Use of English

Urban Pressure

Modern cities are often seen as places of opportunity, but rapid urbanisation can also create serious problems. As more people move from rural areas to towns, housing can become difficult to (0) FIND and public services may struggle to cope. In many cities, local authorities are unable to keep (1) .......... with the growing demand for transport, schools and hospitals. As a result, overcrowding becomes more common and the quality of life may (2) .......... . Another major issue is the effect on the environment. As cities spread (3) .......... , green spaces are often replaced by roads, offices and apartment blocks. This not only affects wildlife, but also makes it harder for residents to escape the heat and noise of urban life. In addition, traffic congestion can lead (4) .......... higher levels of air pollution, which may have a harmful effect on public health. However, urbanisation does not have to result in failure. With careful planning, governments can (5) .......... steps to improve infrastructure and protect natural areas. Some cities have already (6) .......... in creating better public transport systems and more affordable housing. If these efforts continue, urban centres may be able to (7) .......... with population growth in a more balanced way. In the end, the challenge lies in making cities places where people can live comfortably rather than simply (8) .......... by.