Reading

Level C1

Part 7 - Missing Paragraphs

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A few paragraphs have been removed from the text below. For questions 1-6, choose the correct answer. There is one extra paragraph you don't need to use.

The Quiet Rise of Repair Culture

For years, the conventional wisdom was simple: when something breaks, you replace it. Phones are sealed, appliances are difficult to open, and even shoes are sometimes designed to be discarded rather than resoled. Yet in many cities, a different attitude has been gaining ground—one that treats repair as a skill worth preserving, and objects as things with stories rather than expiry dates. (1) .......... The first time you walk into one of these events, the atmosphere can be surprisingly calm. There is none of the frantic consumer energy of a sale; instead, there are people patiently waiting with a kettle, a blender, a lamp, or a torn jacket. Someone offers tea. Someone else is already unscrewing a plastic casing with the careful concentration of a surgeon. (2) .......... These repair sessions are not run like conventional workshops where you hand something over and come back later. The expectation is that you stay, watch, and—if possible—learn. That detail matters, because the point is not simply to save money; it is to rebuild confidence in dealing with everyday technology. (3) .......... Of course, repair culture runs into obstacles that are bigger than a missing screw or a frayed cable. Modern products often arrive with proprietary parts, glued casings, and software locks that make even basic fixes risky. And while manufacturers argue that this protects safety and quality, critics note that it also protects sales. (4) .......... The effect is especially visible in electronics. A cracked screen can be more expensive to replace than a new device, and a battery that should be a simple swap can require specialist tools. In that context, the idea of “right to repair” has become more than a slogan; it is a political demand that aims to shift power back to users. (5) .......... Yet the movement is not only about individual consumers. When repair becomes normal, it changes how communities think about waste, skills, and local economies. A neighbourhood with people who can mend and maintain things is less dependent on distant supply chains, and more resilient when prices rise or deliveries fail. (6) .......... None of this means we will stop buying new things. But it does suggest a modest correction to a culture that treats convenience as the highest value. Learning to repair, even badly at first, is a reminder that ownership can involve responsibility—and that progress does not have to mean throwing the past away.

What to do

In this part, you have to choose the correct paragraph to fill each gap from a list. There is one extra paragraph you do not need.

This part of the exam tests your understanding of how a text is organised and, in particular, how paragraphs relate to each other.

Underline the names of people, organisations or places. Also, underline reference words such as ‘this’, ‘it’, ‘there’, etc. They will help you see connections between sentences and paragraphs.

Sometimes there won’t be a clue in the sentence immediately before or after the gap.

You really do need to read the whole text to get its meaning – sometimes the ‘clue’ is the entire paragraph.

Strategy

  1. Read the main text through first to get an idea of what it is about and how the writer develops his or her subject matter.
  2. Use clues in the paragraphs before and after the gaps to help you choose the ones that fit.
  3. Clues may lie in the grammar, punctuation and/or vocabulary.
  4. Try to guess the sort of information that might be missing.
  5. Check any phrases/short sentences which you have not used to see if they could fit in the gap.
  6. When you have finished the task, read through the completed text to make sure it makes sense.

Instructions

A few paragraphs have been removed from the text below. For questions 1-6, choose the correct answer. There is one extra paragraph you don't need to use.

Exercise Details

Author

Vladana Kostić

@vladana-kostic

User Prompt

"Anything"

Tone: Standard
Level: C1

Created on:

May 25, 2026

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