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Use of English

Level C1

Part 2 - Open Cloze

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5
1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.

Automation at Work

Automation has transformed modern manufacturing (0) IN ways that would have seemed improbable a century ago. Tasks once carried out entirely by hand are now performed by machines, often with a speed and precision (1) .......... human workers cannot easily match. As a result, companies are able to produce goods more efficiently and at lower cost, which has led (2) .......... increased competition in global markets. However, the rise of automation has not been welcomed equally by everyone. Workers whose jobs are repetitive or routine may find themselves at risk (3) .......... replacement, particularly in sectors where employers are focused (4) .......... cutting costs. Some economists argue that this process is nothing new and that industry has always adapted (5) .......... technological change over time. Others, though, warn that the current wave of innovation is moving so quickly that many employees may struggle to keep (6) .......... with it. For this reason, governments and businesses alike are being urged to invest (7) .......... retraining programmes, so that workers can move into roles that machines are less capable of performing. Whether automation ultimately benefits society depends largely (8) .......... how successfully this transition is managed.

What to do

This part consists of a short text with a series of gaps. There are no words from which to choose the answers, candidates have to think of a word which fits the gap correctly.

Errors in punctuation are ignored, although spelling must be correct.

Contractions (e.g. don’t, we’ve, won’t) count as two words. However, can’t is a contraction of cannot, which is one word.

Sometimes, there is more than one correct answer. Cambridge will always account for this and all options will be accepted. However, you should not write more than one answer.

Don't spend time in a word you don't know. Wasting time on this activity might cost you points later in the exam because you won’t have enough time to do other tasks well.

Strategy

  1. Read the title and the whole text so that you understand what it is about.
  2. Read the whole sentence in which the gap occurs, to look for clues as to what kind of word you need.
  3. Check the words before and after each gap and look for grammatical collocations.
  4. Remember you must write only one word.
  5. You are never required to write a contraction. If you think the answer is a contraction, it must be wrong, so think again.
  6. Read the whole text through once you have completed it to make sure you have not missed any connectors, plurals or negatives.

Instructions

For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.

Exercise Details

Author

Вика Романова

@vika-romanova

User Prompt

"Create an exercise about the impact of automation on industry"

Tone: Standard
Level: C1

Created on:

Jul 18, 2026

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